Is Alcoholism Hereditary?

At the same time, some people seem more at risk than others, even when they grow up in similar environments. This raises an important question: Is alcoholism passed down through generations? Or are other factors responsible for developing this condition? In this article, we take a closer look.

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Is Alcoholism Genetically Inherited?

Research indicates that genetics account for 40-60% of alcohol-related abuse. But let’s take a closer look at what this means exactly.

What the Research Says

Twin studies have consistently shown that identical twins, who share 100% of their genetic material, have a higher concordance rate for alcoholism than fraternal twins, who share only about 50% of their genes¹. 

Family studies further reveal that children of alcoholics are four times more likely to develop alcohol problems than the general population, even when raised in non-alcoholic adoptive homes². This suggests a strong hereditary component that exists independently of environmental influence.

Specific Genes Involved

Researchers have identified several key genes that play significant roles in alcohol metabolism and addiction vulnerability—including GABRA2, ADH1B, and ALDH2³. 

For instance, some people inherit genetic variants that cause them to break down alcohol faster or slower than others, directly influencing how they feel after drinking. Individuals with certain variants of the ALDH2 gene—particularly common in East Asian populations—may experience flushing, nausea, and a rapid heartbeat after drinking even small amounts of alcohol. This happens because their bodies can’t efficiently break down acetaldehyde⁴, a toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism, leading to unpleasant symptoms.

These unpleasant reactions can actually serve as a protective factor against developing alcoholism since they discourage heavy drinking. 

Conversely, people with variations in GABRA2, which affects how alcohol interacts with neurotransmitter systems in the brain, may experience enhanced pleasurable effects from alcohol. In turn, this can potentially increase their risk for developing alcohol dependence.

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What Kind of People Are Prone to Alcoholism?

Alcoholism doesn’t often occur primarily due to one set cause. This means that even though you may be genetically predisposed to alcoholism, other factors also play a part, including the following.

1. Personality Traits

Individuals who are impulsive, thrill-seeking, or often display risk-taking behavior are associated with high alcohol use⁵. Individuals with low stress tolerance or high-stress lives may also be more prone to alcoholism.

2. Mental Health Conditions

In many cases, addiction happens alongside other mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, PTSD, and bipolar disorder. Alcohol may be used as a coping mechanism⁶—or a way to “self-medicate." During treatment, it’s, thus, imperative to ensure accurate diagnosis of all conditions to get to the root of the problem.

3. Environmental Factors

If you grew up in an environment where alcohol was normalized or abused, you may also be more likely to use it excessively.

Other environmental risk factors further include:

• Peer pressure
• Exposure to alcohol in other circumstances
• Cultural or societal attitudes (some cultures have stricter views)
• Rules or laws regarding alcohol use

4. Childhood Trauma

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), including neglect, abuse, or household dysfunction, have been associated with increased alcohol use. This, again, may be a way to use this substance as a means to cope or escape.

5. Age and Gender

Young adults may be more likely to make decisions (particularly under peer influence and due to underdeveloped brains) to use alcohol. However, men are more likely than women to develop alcoholism.

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Keep In Mind That There’s Nature vs Nurture

It’s worth noting that it’s not solely nature or genetics that determines whether or not you develop an alcohol disorder. Often, it’s how both nature and nurture interact. For instance, if you already have a predisposition and are under high stress, you may be more likely to turn to alcohol to ease this stress. 

Additionally, while some may be predisposed genetically, factors like strong support systems or early interventions can make all the difference.

At Freedom Recovery Centers (FRC), our team is here to help guide you toward recovery whenever you’re ready. Our phone lines are open 24/7. When the time feels right, call us at 804-635-3746. Sometimes, we all need a little help. Together, we can help you find healthier ways to cope and reignite the spark in your life, guiding you toward joy and purpose. Recovery is possible; take that first step, and we’ll be by your side every step of the way!