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Knowing what to do if an overdose occurs can save a life—whether it’s a friend, family member, or even a stranger. Behind every addict is a person. Someone with big dreams. Someone with people who love them. They could be a son, daughter, husband, wife, sister, or brother. Yet, an overdose is an immediate medical emergency. It requires quick action, where minutes could be the difference between life or death. Recognizing the signs can give you the confidence to make life-saving decisions. In this article, we explore what to look for with an overdose and what to do.
What is an Overdose?
An overdose happens when an individual takes more of a substance than what their body can safely handle1. It can include illicit drugs, prescription drugs, alcohol, or even a combination of substances. When too much is taken, the body becomes overwhelmed. Vital processes—like breathing, heart rate, and temperature regulation—are disrupted, which can be fatal.
Often, the exact substance or substances used determine what an overdose looks like. While not all overdoses are life-threatening2, getting immediate medical attention is important to stop any adverse health effects from occurring.
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Signs of an Overdose
General signs of an overdose frequently include3:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Confusion
- Pain
- Lack of coordination
- Irritation
- Paranoa
- Loss of consciousness
- Shallow and slow breathing
- Clammy and cold skin
- Seizures
However, as mentioned above, exact symptoms can vary depending on the substance. So, let’s take a closer look at the most common ones.
Signs of an opioid overdose, which can happen very quickly, may include4:
- Respiratory depression
- Blue or purple lips
- Pale face
- Losing consciousness
- Slow, shallow breathing
- Inability to speak
- Choking sounds
Signs of a benzo (or other stimulant) overdose may involve5:
- Fever
- Faster breathing
- Restlessness
- High blood pressure
- Irritability or aggression
- Severe and painful headaches
- Seizures
- Chest tightness
- Disorientation/confusion
- Coma
Symptoms of alcohol poisoning, on the other hand, include6:
- Slow/irregular breathing
- Confusion
- Poor refluxes
- Vomiting when unconscious
- Slowed heart rate
- Low body temperature
- Blue and/or pale skin
- Seizures
When an overdose happens, depending on the substance, it could slow down or speed up vital processes. Additionally, overdosing isn’t restricted to only the above substances. It can also involve:
- Herbal medications
- Over-the-counter medications
- Other prescription drugs
- Supplements
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), drugs with the highest overdose risk include fentanyl, heroin, oxycodone, cocaine, methamphetamine, Xanax, and Valium.
Additionally, someone overdosing might not show every symptom, and an unconscious person can’t tell you what they took. If you’re unsure, assume it’s an overdose—it’s always safer to get help than to risk a life.
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How To Treat an Overdose7
In the face of an overdose, acting quickly can save a life. Here are the immediate steps you should take:
- Call Emergency Services
Don’t wait. As soon as signs of an overdose are apparent, call 911. Give your location and describe any symptoms. The operator may have you stay on the line and instruct you on what to do next.
- Check Their Airways
If you’ve taken a first aid course, you’ll already know what to do. Start by calling their name to try to wake them up. If they remain unconscious, place them in a recovery position (on their side) with their airway open. This can also prevent choking if they vomit.
If they aren’t breathing, begin CPR if you’re trained. The emergency operator may walk you through this.
- If You Suspect an Opioid Overdose, Use Naloxone
Follow the package instructions to administer the nasal spray or injection. If nothing changes in two to three minutes, get ready to give them another dose.
If you suspect they’re overdosing on stimulants, try to remain calm and keep them calm. For alcohol and sedatives, ensure they are in a recovery position, if unconscious, to clear the airway if vomiting occurs.
- Remain at the Scene Until Help Arrives
Don’t leave the person who may be experiencing an overdose alone. Make sure you’re there to relay everything you know to emergency services.
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Getting Professional Help After an Overdose
At Freedom Recovery Centers (FRC), we understand how scary an overdose can be—whether you’re a loved one or someone who has experienced one yourself. Yet, knowing what to do can save a life and be the breakthrough someone needs to take that initial step toward recovery. And you don’t need to do it alone.
When you’re ready to take that first step toward reclaiming your life, call us at 804-635-3746 or fill out our online form. We’ll be by your side every step of the way and believe your best days are still ahead of you!
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FAQs
What is the best thing to do if you overdose?
The best thing to do is call emergency services as soon as possible. If it’s a suspected opioid overdose, administer Naloxone. If the person is unconscious and you suspect they’ve taken too many sedatives or too much alcohol, make sure they are on their side in case they vomit.
Does drinking water prevent overdose?
Drinking water may help prevent an overdose, depending on the substance. However, prevention truly comes down to getting proper help when you recognize the signs of an addiction. Additionally, it’s important to never mix drugs or substances, have a safety plan, and never use alone.
What are signs of an overdose?
Common signs of an overdose include:
- Blue or purple lips
- Disorientation/confusion
- Small pupils
- Dizziness
- Cold and clammy skin
- Slow (or no) breathing
- Vomiting
- Coma
- Seizures
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