Bipolar Disorder and Substance Use

What is Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar disorder¹ is marked by episodes of extreme emotional highs (known as “mania”) and extreme emotional lows (depression). During manic episodes, you may feel very excited, euphoric, and energetic. During depressive episodes, you may feel sad and hopeless, as well as lose interest in activities you usually enjoy.

Swinging between these two different extremes may occur infrequently or a few times a year, depending on the individual and other factors. In fact, between each episode, you might actually have long durations where you feel emotionally stable. But, again, this varies from person to person.

Manic episodes frequently include the following symptoms²:

• Being more active
• Being more energetic than normal
• Not needing as much sleep
• Unusually talkative
• Racing thoughts
• Easily distracted
• Making impulsive and/or poor decisions

Depressive episodes, in contrast, usually include³:

• Feeling sad, hopeless, or empty
• Loss of interest in usual activities
• Weight loss
• Feeling restless
• Fatigue
• Feelings of worthlessness
• Difficulty making decisions
• Suicidal thoughts

Types of Bipolar Disorder

Surprisingly, there are various types of bipolar disorder⁴. Most commonly, these include:

• Bipolar I Disorder: This refers to individuals who have had at least one manic episode before a depressive episode. They may have also experienced psychosis during this manic period.
• Bipolar II Disorder: This involves at least one hypomanic episode and one depressive episode.
• Cyclothymia: This refers to individuals who have had at least two years of hypomanic and depressive episodes.

Typically, most types are diagnosed in a person’s adolescence or early 20s. But there’s hope. If you’re struggling with bipolar disorder alongside substance abuse, the FRC team is here to guide you toward a more vibrant and happier life. Call us at 804-635-3746 to begin your journey toward lasting recovery today.

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What is Substance Abuse?

Substance abuse, or substance misuse, is the use of illegal or prescription drugs or alcohol for purposes that they aren’t intended for. This may involve taking excessive amounts of the substance or taking the substance frequently. Often, abuse or addiction occurs when the use of the substance begins to cause harm to an individual’s health or daily life and responsibilities. This may mean neglecting family or career obligations, excessive spending on the substance, strained relationships, and more.

When discontinuing use of the substance, you may experience withdrawal symptoms. And this can continue the cycle of addiction. Substance use can further exacerbate bipolar disorder symptoms, as well as trigger it. 

At FRC, our team specializes in treating co-occurring conditions, ensuring you get the care and treatment you need for a lasting recovery. It’s never too late to reach out for help.

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The Link Between Substance Abuse and Bipolar Disorder

People with bipolar disorder often struggle with substance use—with alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and stimulants being some of the most commonly abused. This happens due to a few factors, including:

Self-Medicating to Cope With Bipolar Symptoms

Many people with bipolar disorder turn to drugs or alcohol to cope with their intense mood swings—either to numb the lows of depression or to fuel the highs of mania. During depressive episodes, alcohol and sedatives might be used to escape feelings of sadness, loneliness, or even suicidal thoughts. In manic episodes, stimulants like cocaine or amphetamines, as well as alcohol, can be used to heighten euphoria or try to manage racing thoughts.

Impulsive Decision-Making

With bipolar, many individuals make impulsive decisions during manic episodes⁵. This could lead to excessive drinking, drug use, and other risky behaviors. Individuals may also not recognize the addictive nature of these substances, which can fuel addiction and lead to long-term use.

Genetic Factors

A family history of mental illness or addiction can increase the risk of developing both conditions. Thus, if you have a family member with either issue, you could be more at risk.

Sleep Issues or Irregular Sleeping Patterns

Irregular sleep patterns, such as sleeping less during manic episodes and more during depressive episodes, can cause some to turn to stimulants to function in their daily life. Alternatively, some may also use sedatives to sleep at night. However, this can lead down a slippery slope toward addiction and further exacerbation of mental health issues.

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Treatment for Bipolar Disorder and Substance Use

Substance use and bipolar disorder can be a dangerous combination. Mood symptoms may worsen under the influence. Additionally, for some, substance use may trigger bipolar disorder—meaning symptoms worsen or appear earlier. This not only leads to long-term changes in your brain chemistry but can also set the stage for life-threatening mental health issues.

Luckily, treatment with FRC can address both of these conditions. Through evidence-based therapies (like CBT), holistic approaches, and personalized care, you can learn to manage your mood swings, reduce substance dependence, and build healthier coping strategies. With the right support, it’s possible to regain stability, improve overall well-being, and work toward long-term recovery. When you’re ready, we’re here to answer your call at 804-635-3746.

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FAQs

How does substance use affect bipolar disorder?

Substance use can worsen bipolar disorder by increasing mood instability, triggering manic or depressive episodes, and making treatment less effective. It can also lead to impulsive behaviors, increased suicide risk, and difficulty maintaining emotional stability.

What drugs can trigger bipolar disorder?

Stimulants (like cocaine, amphetamines, and excessive caffeine), hallucinogens, and even some antidepressants can trigger manic or depressive episodes in people predisposed to bipolar disorder. Alcohol and sedatives can also worsen mood swings.